The measurement procedures could include a range of research methods (e.g., surveys, structured observation, or structured interviews, etc. There are many occasions when you might choose to use a well-established measurement procedure (e.g., a 42-item survey on depression) as the basis to create a new measurement procedure (e.g., a 19-item survey on depression) to measure the construct you are interested in (e.g., depression, sleep quality, employee commitment, etc.). You will have to build a case for the criterion validity of your measurement procedure; ultimately, it is something that will be developed over time as more studies validate your measurement procedure. Constructs can be characteristics of individuals, such as intelligence, obesity, job satisfaction, or depression; they can also be broader concepts applied to organizations or social groups, such as gender equality, corporate social responsibility, or freedom of speech. Hope you found this article helpful. There are a number of reasons why we would be interested in using criterions to create a new measurement procedure: (a) to create a shorter version of a well-established measurement procedure; (b) to account for a new context, location, and/or culture where well-established measurement procedures need to be modified or completely altered; and (c) to help test the theoretical relatedness and construct validity of a well-established measurement procedure. Whilst the measurement procedure may be content valid (i.e., consist of measures that are appropriate/relevant and representative of the construct being measured), it is of limited practical use if response rates are particularly low because participants are simply unwilling to take the time to complete such a long measurement procedure. Thanks for reading! intelligence) is actually measuring that construct. When they do not, this suggests that new measurement procedures need to be created that are more appropriate for the new context, location, and/or culture of interest. • If the test has the desired correlation with the criterion, the n you have sufficient evidence for criterion -related validity. Concurrent validity pertains to the extent to which the measurement tool relates to other scales measuring the same construct and that have already been validated (Cronbach & Meehl, 1955). Criterion validity is a good test of whether such newly applied measurement procedures reflect the criterion upon which they are based. The advantage of criterion -related validity is that it is a relatively simple statistically based type of validity! Example of Predictive (criterion-related validity) ... example of convergent validity. by A good experiment turns the theory (constructs) into actual things you can measure. It’s central to establishing the overall validity of a method. Together they form a unique fingerprint. Discriminant validity (or divergent validity) tests that constructs that should have no relationship do, in fact, not have any relationship. It’s similar to content validity, but face validity is a more informal and subjective assessment. Construct validity means that a test designed to measure a particular construct (i.e. Testing for this type of validity requires that you essentially ask your sample similar questions that are designed to … You need to consider the purpose of the study and measurement procedure; that is, whether you are trying (a) to use an existing, well-established measurement procedure in order to create a new measurement procedure (i.e., concurrent validity), or (b) to examine whether a measurement procedure can be used to make predictions (i.e., predictive validity). Criterion related validity refers to how strongly the scores on the test are related to other behaviors. The criteria are measuring instruments that the test-makers previously evaluated. • Content Validity -- inspection of items for “proper domain” • Construct Validity -- correlation and factor analyses to check on discriminant validity of the measure • Criterion-related Validity -- predictive, concurrent and/or postdictive You are conducting a study in a new context, location and/or culture, where well-established measurement procedures no longer reflect the new context, location, and/or culture. The other types of validity described below can all be considered as forms of evidence for construct validity. Ps… Again, measurement involves assigning scores to individuals so that they represent some characteristic of the individuals. Compare your paper with over 60 billion web pages and 30 million publications. Conversely, discriminant validityshows that two measures that are not supposed to be related are in fact, unrelated. To account for a new context, location and/or culture where well-established measurement procedures may need to be modified or completely altered. Criterion validity refers to the ability of the test to predict some criterion behavior external to the test itself. A mathematics teacher develops an end-of-semester algebra test for her class. However, irrespective of whether a new measurement procedure only needs to be modified, or completely altered, it must be based on a criterion (i.e., a well-established measurement procedure). In research, it is common to want to take measurement procedures that have been well-established in one context, location, and/or culture, and apply them to another context, location, and/or culture. This is an extremely important point. After all, if the new measurement procedure, which uses different measures (i.e., has different content), but measures the same construct, is strongly related to the well-established measurement procedure, this gives us more confidence in the construct validity of the existing measurement procedure. As face validity is a subjective measure, it’s often considered the weakest form of validity. Construct validity’s main idea is that a test used to measure a construct is, in fact, measuring a construct. Reliability contains the concepts of internal consistency and stability and equivalence. In the figure below, we see four measures (each is an item on a scale) that all purport to reflect the construct of self esteem. A measurement procedure can be too long because it consists of too many measures (e.g., a 100 question survey measuring depression). In order to estimate this type of validity, test-makers administer the test and correlate it with the criteria. Published on convergent validity. This well-established measurement procedure is the criterion against which you are comparing the new measurement procedure (i.e., why we call it criterion validity). It mentions at the beginning before any validity evidence is discussed that "historically, this type of evidence has been referred to as concurrent validity, convergent and discriminant validity, predictive validity, and criterion-related validity." The new measurement procedure may only need to be modified or it may need to be completely altered. But how do researchers know that the scores actually represent the characteristic, especially when it is a construct like intelligence, self-esteem, depression, or working memory capacity? "Convergent validity refers to the degree to which scores on a test correlate with (or are related to) scores on other tests that are designed to assess the same construct. The questionnaire must include only relevant questions that measure known indicators of depression. verbal reasoning should be related to other types of reasoning, like visual reasoning. Criterion validity reflects the use of a criterion - a well-established measurement procedure - to create a new measurement procedure to measure the construct you are interested in. You create a survey to measure the regularity of people’s dietary habits. Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Convergent and criterion-related validity of the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Parent Rating Scale.'. You want to create a shorter version of an existing measurement procedure, which is unlikely to be achieved through simply removing one or two measures within the measurement procedure (e.g., one or two questions in a survey), possibly because this would affect the content validity of the measurement procedure [see the article: Content validity]. 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