CLSI. Slots J, Ting M. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in human periodontal disease: occurrence and treatment. It has no requirement for either X or V factor. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980;17:943-946. Three studies have investigated the bactericidal activity of various antibiotics against several strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans (20, 39, 52). 1992;7:24–27. Rev Infect Dis 1989;11:46-63. [PubMed], 30. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is part of the normal oral flora and infection is endogenously acquired. Of 399 reported cases, the contribution of each species was Haemophilus parainfluenzae (66), H. influenzae (13),Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (99), A. actinomycetemcomitans (93), Cardiobacterium hominis (76), Eikenella corrodens (19), Kingella kingae (28) and Kingella denitrificans (5) (6). Over 95% of the LJP patients harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans, whereas only 17% of healthy subjects, 21% of adult periodontitis patients, … Rupp ME, Ulphani JS, Fey PD, Bartscht K, Mack D (1999) Characterization of the importance of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin/hemagglutinin of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the pathogenesis of biomaterial-based infection in a mouse foreign body infection model. Pericarditis caused by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Geraci JE, Wilson WR. Kato S, Kowashi Y, Demuth DR. Steinberg JP, Del Rio C. Other Gram-negative bacilli. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative periodontitis-associated bacterium that expresses a toxin that selectively affects leukocytes. However, the number of cases diagnosed using continuous-monitoring blood culture systems was not recorded. The erythromycin MBCs ranged from 8-64µg/mL, with MBC50=8.0µg/mL and MBC90=32µg/mL. Berbari EF, Cockerill FR, Steckelberg JM. Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Wilson W, Bolger AF, Bayer A, Ferrieri P, Gewitz MH, Shulman ST, Nouri S, Newburger JW, Hutto C, Pallasch TJ, Gage TW, Levison ME, Peter G, Zuccaro G Jr. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Susceptibility to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, and piperacillin is more variable (Table 1). Endarteritis and mycotic aortic aneurysm caused by an oral strain of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Characterization of an antiproliferative surface-associated protein from Actinobacillusactinomycetemcomitans which can be neutralized by sera from a proportion of patients with localized juvenile periodontitis. One cell cycle-modulatory protein with immunosuppressive function that has recently been identified as being produced by A. actinomycetemcomitans is cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) Fc binding protein terme as Omp34 identical with OmpA of E. coli, a protein implicated in the virulence of this organism is another immunomodulatory virulence factor of A. actinomycemcomitans. The most recent review of A. actinomycetemcomitans endocarditis summarizes 102 cases (49). Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is part of the normal oral flora and infection is endogenously acquired. Infective endocarditis caused by slow-growing, fastidious, gram-negative bacteria. Endocarditis due to gram-negative bacteria: report of 56 cases. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:966-969.  [PubMed], 28. Cerebral abscess complicating dental treatment. 1990)  A.actinomycetemcomitans is small, nonmotile, gram- negative, saccharolytic, capnophilic, round-ended rod (Haffajee and Socransky 1994). periodontitis, the prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis was 79.5 and 84.4%, respectively. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (actis, a ray; myces, a fungus; comitans, accompanying; actinomycetemcomitans, accompanying an actinomycete) is a gram-negative coccobacillus measuring about 0.4 ± 0.1X 0.1 ± 0.4 micrometers in size. Infection due to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans: 15 cases and review. The tight auto-adhesion of A. actinomycetemcomitans has been described is due to the expression of long, bundled fibrils composed of a 6.5-kDa subunit protein, Flp-1 (fimbrial low-mol. The greatest reduction in colony-forming units (minus 4 logs) after 24 hours incubation in an antibiotic concentration four times the MIC was seen with penicillin (range MIC 0.02-4µg/mL), gentamicin (0.1-10µg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (0.001-0.5µg/mL). This study was aimed at elucidating the occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans in a Brazilian population with chronic periodontitis. Neurosurgery 2002;51:807-810. Surface entities like vesicles mediate aggregation. Aggregatibacter  actinomycetemcomitans is usually susceptible to second, third and fourth generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, mezlocillin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, cotrimoxazole, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, clarithromycin and azithromycin (Table 1). California Medicine 1972;117:59-63. [PubMed]. The conditions used to obtain the MICs listed in Table 1 vary considerably with respect to medium, atmosphere and duration of incubation. Almost all the RTX leukotoxins are secreted except LtxA toxin of A. actinomycetemcomitans which is thought to be entirely cell associated; either bound to cell surface-associated nucleic acids [16] or within membranous vesicles which bud from bacterium’s surface [17,18]. A. actinomycetemcomitans has also been reported to produce a low molecular mass inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis to FMLP. W e report on the microbiological and clinical effects of mechanical debridement in combination with metronidazole plus amoxicillin therapy in 118 patients with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans‐associated periodontitis. Paju S, Carlson P, Jousimies-Somer H, Asikainen S. Heterogeneity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains in various human infections and relationships between serotype, genotype and antimicrobial susceptibility. Ellner JJ, Rosenthal MS, Lerner PI, McHenry MC. Periodontitis the most suitable agent is likely to be a fluoroquinolone 29 ) J Gynaecol Obstet ;. 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